Articles of Confederation Fail Essay Sample

Articles of Confederation Fail Essay Sample Why Did the Articles of Confederation Fail? The Key Reasons To this day, a lot of historians try to investigate and confirm the identity of all the witnesses and the participants to the formation of the original agreement between 13 colonies to establish the United States of America. This original document was the Articles of Confederation which was an attempt to replace the British governmental system and form a unifying governmental structure by 13 American colonies that fought for their independence in the American Revolution. In this short essay, I am going to discuss the key reasons what made the Articles of Confederation fail, but let’s start with the Articles of Confederation definition. The Articles of Confederation was the first US constitution which was ratified in 1781 but replaced eight years later in 1789 with the present Constitution of the United States. The Weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? The researchers think that the essential weakness of the Articles of Confederation was caused by the fact that this document established a confederacy, a form of government which gave sovereign power in the hands of the independent states. This approach was accepted by the Founding Fathers due to the fact that the American colonists did not like the idea of a strong national government. American colonists identified themselves together with the colony where they lived so the idea to create American government which was based on strong state governments seemed quite natural. The Articles of Confederation were written in such a way that every individual state was as independent as possible and the national government of the United States was as weak as possible. According to the Articles of Confederation, the US central government was only responsible for such issues as the security of liberties, the general welfare, and the common defense. This led to many problems and the Articles of Confederation turned out to be ineffective at governing the permanently increasing American states. The major cause of this ineffectiveness was the absence of a strong national government which led to multiple limitations that made the Articles of Confederation ineffective. The Limitations Caused by the Absence of a Strong Central Government Researchers identify three key limitations that were caused by the absence of a strong national government. They include economic disorganization, legislative inefficiencies, and absence of national leadership. Economic limitations that were present in the Articles of Confederation resulted in financial hardships for the new American nation which was struggling to be competitive economically. These limitations caused economic disorganization and competition between different states because Congress could not control the foreign and interstate trade. Besides, there was no uniform system of currency which made the interstate trade and foreign commerce less efficient and more difficult. Congress was not given the power to raise revenues and impose taxes but had to request for money from the states. As a result, it was incapable of paying off America’s foreign debts, manage foreign affairs, and establish a national budget. Congress lacked effective means to regulate the economy or enforce its laws. The Articles of Confederation led to the lack of national leadership which took various forms. As there was no national court system, the judiciary branch was dependent on the states which could simply ignore national laws which they considered objectionable. There was a lack of chief executive who could conduct foreign affairs which was a serious diplomatic disadvantage to America. The central government was unable to deal with external and internal threats because Congress did not have the power to raise the army and was dependent on state militia. As a result, Congress could not quickly and effectively respond to possible external and internal threats. Legislating under the framework of the Articles of Confederation was inefficient. Regardless of the size, every state had one vote in Congress, but there was a large discrepancy in state populations. The consent of nine of thirteen states was required to pass any law in Congress and blocking the bill was possible by only five of thirteen states. The Articles of Confederation detailed a very difficult and impractical amendment process. Amendments required a unanimous vote that made it impossible to fix the poorly structured Articles of Confederation under the current form of government. As the economic, military, and legislative weaknesses became more apparent, the Articles of Confederation had been scrapped altogether and an entirely new governing document was approved. It was the Constitution of the United States which outlined a federal form of governance.

Understanding The Birth Of The Renaissance - 996 Words

Understanding the birth of The Renaissance is as simple as understanding that the quality of a straight razor shave is superior to that of a commercially stamped multi bladed razor. Looking retroactively at the years leading up to this rebirth one can note the beginning of reflection the Ancient World and the ins-and-outs of Roman culture. Influencing architecture, art, and social construction, a desire for the classics pulled Europe from the slumping years of the fading High Middle Ages. Actively bringing back Roman and Gothic elements of architecture including: Domes, support methods, and construction techniques were all features included in Renaissance architecture, however the learning and understanding of these classical techniques allowed the Renaissance man to further innovate. Master Goldsmith, Filippo Brunelleschi, was one of the key overseers of the crown jewel of these new innovations, a reimagined dome. Inspired by Gothic Architecture, Brunelleschi set out to remove the flying buttress that would normally support the dome externally. Removing these pivotal means of support required that new forms of support be found and implemented. Using the herring bone design often found ornamentally in Rome, weight could now be pushed down and outward effectively allocating pressure. Also borrowed from Gothic architecture was the use of chained support. Like the Amiens Cathedral multiple linked chains were used to act as a binding tool for increased stability. Addition allyShow MoreRelatedRenaissance Art Analysis1097 Words   |  5 PagesThe Renaissance was a period in history known as celebration of knowledge, through various forms of art including sculpture, painting, etc.,. In relation to previous periods, artists during the Renaissance use their art to serve as a representation of both their beliefs, and social trends. Using this means of portraying information, art became a subjective tool to educate the population. In using art to represent the artist’s beliefs, opinions, and social trends; artists also transformed into poetsRead MoreThe American Renissance1169 Words   |  5 Pageshumans from the level of animals to the heights of civilized human beings. Renaissance was a cultural revolution that spanned roughly from the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the late Middle Ages and later spread to the rest of the Europe. American renaissance also was intended to be a cultural revolution led by the causes of cultural aspe cts but resulted in the birth of several social problems American renaissance was initially a cultural revolution but is characterized differently basedRead MoreBirth of Sain John the Baptist Painting1044 Words   |  4 PagesOne of the common myths on understanding the difference in middle age and Renaissance period is that Christian elements disappeared in people’s life and that the community totally flipped from ‘religious’ to ‘secular’ society. However, with the change in the society through the extensive amount of trades and cultural contact with the vanished civilization of classical era, people of Renaissance realized how to be ‘human’. Previously, medieval people only express themselves through God and churchRead MoreThe Renaissance And Italian Renaissance961 Words   |  4 Pages The Renaissance (rebirth), was a time in which all art became more personalized and represented more than we see. There were two major stages in the Western European/ Italian Renaissance: Early Renaissance and High Renaissance. It gave patrons a new outlook on art and the world. Styles such as Mannerism, Fresco, and Parietal help advance art in western Europe. Most of the Renaissance works were religious,or had had something to do with the ancient times (ancient greece and roman culture). Not onlyRead MoreChildbirth And The Italian Renaissance1741 Words   |  7 PagesChildbirth and Childbearing in Renaissance Italy for upper status woman, was far different than what childbearing is compared to today’s standards. In renaissance Italy it was said that woman only had one purpose and that purpose was to have many legitimate babies, especially for the nobility and upper status couples. From having these babies, the family could inherit a lot of wealth (King, M. L., 2003). This d iffers greatly in todays society, as now woman’s primary function is not only to produceRead MoreTime Capsules from the Renaissance and Baroque Time Periods Essay953 Words   |  4 PagesTwo time capsules were found during renovations of the Basilica of San Lorenzo, Florence. One time capsule dates back to the Renaissance time period. Artifacts in this time capsule included a painting of The Birth of Venus, a lute, drawing of the Florence Cathedral’s dome, and a book called The Decameron. The second time capsule had artifacts from the Baroque time period. Artifacts in this time capsule included a painting of The Anatomy Lesson of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp, a stage painting in an operaRead MoreThe Birth Of Venus By Sandro Botticelli And The Poem Stanze Per La Giostra By Angelo Poliziano1651 Words   |  7 Pagesthe Beholder The two works of art that I have chosen is the painting The Birth of Venus by Sandro Botticelli and the poem Stanze per la Giostra by Angelo Poliziano. The Birth of Venus was created between 1484 and 1486 by Sandro Botticelli. It was created in the early Renaissance period and is currently located in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence, Italy. Stanze per la Giostra was written between 1475 and 1478 by the Renaissance poet Angelo Poliziano. Its current location is the Metropolitan Museum ofRead MoreHistorical And Philosophical Movement Of The Renaissance1596 Words   |  7 PagesThe renaissance became a historical movement that marked the beginning of individualism and modernity through the unification of philosophers, artists, writers, and poets. Although it has no fixed beginning, most theories placed the beginning era in the early 14th century. The renaissance profoundly affected European Intellectual life through the introduction of different perspectives, ideas, innovations, literatu re, art, science, religion among many other aspects that continue to shape modern philosophyRead MoreRenaissance Corridor On The Second Floor Of The Museum908 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction: From most of the pieces on display in the early renaissance corridor on the second floor of the museum, Lorenzo Monaco’s â€Å"Madonna and Child† caught my eye in very radical manner. A medium-sized tempera piece layered on panel placed right of the second room of the corridor. As stated on the panel below the painting, it was conceived and crafted between the years of 1370-1371 in Florence, Italy during the early renaissance. Against the wishes of the museum I laid my hands upon the paintingRead MoreEuropean Exploration : The Age Of Discovery1128 Words   |  5 Pagesslave trade in late 16th century. The slaves were sold to work on plantations like coffee, tobacco, and cotton along with working in gold and silver mines, rice fields, and working as domestic servants. The Scientific Revolution introduced a new understanding to the natural world. It brought about new thinking in mathematics, physics, astrology, biology, and chemistry. The central features of the new science have been listed as: the mechanistic model of nature; the emphasis on unprejudiced observation;

Biography of Bobby Seale, Black Panther Party Co-founder

Bobby Seale (born October 22, 1936) co-founded the Black Panther Party with Huey P. Newton. The organization, which was the most well-known group launched during the black power movement, stood out for its free breakfast program and emphasis on self-defense—a departure from the nonviolent philosophy advocated by civil rights activists. Fast Facts: Bobby Seale Known For: Co-founder, along with Huey P. Newton, of the Black Panther PartyBorn: October 22, 1936 in Dallas, TexasParents: George and Thelma SealeEducation: Merritt Community CollegeSpouse(s): Artie Seale, Leslie M. Johnson-SealeChildren: Malik Seale, Jaime SealeNotable Quote: â€Å"You dont fight racism with racism, the best way to fight racism is with solidarity. Early Life and Education Bobby Seale, the first child of George and Thelma Seale, was born on October 22, 1936. He grew up with a brother (Jon), a sister (Betty), and a first cousin (Alvin Turner—the son of his mother’s identical twin). In addition to Dallas, the family lived in other Texas cities, including San Antonio. Seales parents had a rocky relationship, separating and reconciling repeatedly. The family struggled financially and sometimes rented out parts of their home to other families to earn additional income. Seales father, George, was a carpenter who once built a home from the ground up. He was also physically abusive; Bobby Seale later described being whipped with a belt by his father at age 6. When the family moved to California, George Seale struggled to get carpentry work or join a union, as unions often excluded African Americans during the Jim Crow era. When George Seale did manage to enter a union, he was one of just of three black men in the state with union membership, according to Seale. As a teenager, Seale hauled groceries and mowed lawns to earn extra cash. He attended Berkeley High School but dropped out to sign up for the US Air Force in 1955. After a conflict with a commanding officer, Seale was dishonorably discharged. However, this setback did not deter him. He earned his high school diploma and made a living as a sheet metal mechanic for aerospace companies. He also worked as a comedian. In 1960, Seale enrolled in Merritt College, where he joined a black student group and his political consciousness took hold. Two years later, he met Huey P. Newton, the man with whom he would start the Black Panthers. Founding the Black Panther Party At a 1962 demonstration against the Kennedy Administrations naval blockade of Cuba, Seale befriended Huey Newton. Both men found inspiration in black radical Malcolm X and were devastated when he was assassinated in 1965. The next year, they decided to form a group to reflect their political beliefs, and the Black Panthers were born. The organization reflected Malcolm X’s philosophy of self-defense by any means necessary. The idea of armed African Americans proved controversial in the broader United States, but as the civil rights movement waned following the assassination of the Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., many young black Americans leaned towards radicalism and militancy. The Black Panthers were particularly concerned about racism in the Oakland Police Department, but before long, Panthers chapters sprang up nationwide. The Black Panther Party became most well known for their 10-point plan and free breakfast program. The 10-point plan included culturally-relevant teaching, employment, shelter, and exemption from military service for African Americans. Legal Battles In 1968, Bobby Seale and seven other protesters were charged with conspiring to incite a riot at the Democratic National Convention in Chicago. When the trial date arrived, Seales lawyer was ill and unable to appear; the judge denied the request to delay the trial. Seale claimed the right to defend himself in order to advocate for his own constitutional rights, but the judge did not allow him to give an opening statement, cross-examine witnesses, or speak to the jury. Seale contended that the judge had denied him his right to counsel, and he began to speak out in protest during the proceedings. In response, the judge ordered him bound and gagged. Seale was chained (later strapped) to a chair, with his mouth and jaw strapped shut, for several days of the trial. Ultimately, the judge sentenced Seale to four years in prison for contempt of court. That sentence was later overturned, but it did not mark the end of Seale’s legal troubles. In 1970, Seale and another defendant were tried for killing a Black Panther believed to be a police informant. The hung jury resulted in a mistrial, so Seale was not convicted of the 1969 murder. As his court battles unfolded, Seale wrote a book tracing the history of the Black Panthers. The book, published in 1970, was titled Seize the Time: The Story of the Black Panther Party and Huey P. Newton. But the time Seale spent behind bars awaiting the outcomes of various court cases had taken a toll on the group, which began to fall apart in his absence. The settling of the court cases saw Seale take charge of the Panthers again. In 1973, he changed focus by putting his bid in to become the mayor of Oakland. He placed second in the race. He left the Panthers the following year. In 1978, he wrote his autobiography, A Lonely Rage. Later Years In the 1970s, the black power movement subsided, and groups like the Black Panthers ceased to exist. Deaths, prison sentences, and internal conflicts spurred by initiatives like the FBI’s Counterintelligence Program played a role in the unraveling process. Bobby Seale remains politically active, giving talks on his life and activism at college campuses and other venues. More than 50 years after the Black Panthers formed, the group continues to influence politics, pop culture, and activism. Sources â€Å"Bobby Seale.† PBS.org.Bennett, Kitty. Bobby Seale: Black Panther leader was one of the Chicago Eight. AARP Bulletin, 27 August, 2010.Glass, Andrew. Kennedy imposes naval blockade of Cuba, Oct. 22, 1962. Politico, 22 October, 2009.Seale, Bobby. â€Å"Seize the Time: The Story of the Black Panther Party.† 1970.

19th Amendment analysis Free Essays

The 19th Amendment The nineteenth amendment was an enormous step in history. It gave women the right to vote. For many years, women had been fighting for this. We will write a custom essay sample on 19th Amendment analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now This amendment drastically changed the lives of Americans and others. It all started in 1848. In this year, the Women’s Suffrage Movement was organized. Some of the key leaders of this movement were Elizabeth Stanton, Lucretia Mott, and Susan Anthony. These three women, with the help of many others, were vital in swaying the public’s view on women’s right to vote and have a say in the nation. During the nineteenth century, women organized, petitioned, lectured, marched, rioted, and practiced civil disobedience in order to get freedom. The nineteenth amendment was first introduced in 1878 and was ratified on August 18, 1920. This means that many of the women who started this movement did not live to see it passed. By 1916, most of the major suffrage organizations were fighting for women’s rights. Even President Wilson, eventually, supported the amendment. After the passing of the amendment, women still fought for equality in all social, political, and economic areas. This movement changed the whole energy of America. The nineteenth amendment gave half the population of America the right to vote and the right to hold public offices. This meant women finally had a voice, it was not just men making all the decisions. This was huge to have women in public offices. Offices once made up entirely of men were being infiltrated with women. It changed the whole dynamic of the working life. Not only did it change America, but it also affected other nations. The United Nations started to examine the treatment of women. Eventually, the United Nations created the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women in 1979. The document required the countries that signed to end gender discrimination in their legal system To many, this amendment was one of the greatest and most monumental things to happen in history. Conversely, was it too successful? This act has given women a sense of right entitlement when it comes to things such as being in the army or holding high offices. It is not the job of women to defend our country. Men are our defenders. While some women deserve various jobs due to hard work, there are other jobs that should not be available to women. For instance, presidency should be limited to men. 1 Timothy 2:12 says â€Å"I do not permit a woman to teach or to exercise authority over a man; rather, she is to remain quiet. † According to the Bible, men are to have authority over women and women should not hold authority over men. The highest position of authority in America should only be given to men because they are to be the leaders, not women. Nowadays, women have a hard time submitting. They think that just because they now have rights they can take the position of men. This has greatly affected our society. Women are becoming more independent and men are becoming lazier and are losing their leadership. It has caused families to split and the roles of husband and wife have been reversed in many relationships. However, this amendment has also been very good for society. Men no longer treat women like objects or lesser than themselves. Women are generally seen as equals. This is a Biblical idea. Adam and Eve were created equal in God’s image. Women should not be limited to basically being house servants. They are also human beings who have good insights and can help further a country or state. In the end, the nineteenth amendment has its pros and cons. But the fact that women were finally given equal rights to that of men was monumental. This amendment truly changed history. How to cite 19th Amendment analysis, Papers

Why Humans Couldnt Exist Without Plants free essay sample

Nature has a very good tool to maintain life on the Earth. This power encourages people and gives them possibility successfully survive. Rain is one of the strongest tool has an influence on many things on the planet.First effect is a sustainable survival of wild nature. Without rain is impossible to imagine how plants, animals and humans can live. A plans can grow and be a source of fiddling for animals. Plants contain all of the nutritions and elements which required. Additionally, big plants and threes became excellent protected shelter for many species of animals. For example, birds builds their nests on the top of the trees. Most important, a result of photosynthesis is oxygen which we use to breath. All those effects are possible only because of the water which comes along of a rain.Secondly, how human use a water after the rain well known in history. Not in all parts of our planet have available rivers, lakes, or melted snow. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Humans Couldnt Exist Without Plants or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Humans studied how to collect water during the rain and consume it for drinking during a long time after. Additionally, plants in fields require additional irrigation in case of drought, since harvest is fully dependant on regular water supply. In some cases , rain’s water are used in case of fire, which could easily destroy settlement. Humanity has a quit big experience how to use rain in their purpose.Finally, rains are played important role in climate changes. There are many places have harsh climate and it has only one source of the water is rain. It creates condition for to survival for plants and animals. Moreover, different humidity and volume of water during the year make it possible to maintain different climate zone with various of animals species. Thus, some of the animals can live only in particular climate zone, for instance camels live only in dessert. Clearness of air is fluctuated due to many reasons, however rain can absorb some of the harmful chemical elements. As illustration, it is fresh smell of air after the rain.In conclusion, rain is a very important mechanism to maintain wild nature, life of humans, and different climate zones on the Earth. Moreover, rain makes arid parts of planet available for living.

Using Artificial Intelligence in Educational Processes

Using Artificial Intelligence in Educational Processes Thoughts concerning education, entertainment and communication has been changing during many years. Approximately 30 years ago, students just listened music on their cassette players to have some rest from studying. These days, modern students prefer communicating via their messenger apps, making video calls, sharing moment photos, using their innovate smart devices. That means that we live in a world, where everything can change in a minute. There are many technologies, which contribute greatly to people`s life by facilitating it. The same is about education. There are some significant breakthroughs, which tend to improve the whole system, make it more comfortable and flexible. It is not actually a secret that all students who attend schools or collages are different, with own specific abilities, skills and preferences. No wonder that even the most expensive private educational establishments cannot provide students with personal lectures and in-depth explanation of this or that issue. The chatbots, instead, can provide all students with one-on-one lectures service, what means a personal approach to everybody. Taking this point into account, these chatbots are considered to be the most comfortable, suitable and affordable options in this situation. It is said, the most important aim of any chatbot is to follow a student through the whole curriculum. These bots are involved in communication with each student, determining their troubling subjects and topics. Then, this information is used to prepare a special learning program, which is 100% personalized and is focused on those things students fall behind. Also, chatbots should guide students and check their improvements from the very beginning till the end of the lessons. The most actual question that arises from the chatbots instruction is whether they will replace teachers at work or not? The answer is no, of course. Chatbots are not created to take somebody`s job. Just on the contrary, they will take great efforts on repetitive tasks, what will only make teachers` job more meaningful. We know that teacher`s responsibilities are all about providing them with required knowledge. In this case, chatbots will do that instead of teachers, while they will have more opportunities to keep in touch with students on some friendlier terms and develop their mentorship. It will be very beneficial for those with some learning disabilities. So, how artificial intelligence will influence education?The majority of scientists claim that the construction of chatbots will only make the learning process more efficient and productive. There also exist some other bots, simpler ones, which are used in many schools and colleges. Such programs have one or even several functionalities, which handle target problems. Here are some facts about Artificial Intelligence and chatbots and ways how they can improve the education: Essay scoring: in the future, chatbots will facilitate teachers` job greatly by scoring the overall band for the whole essay, taking into account all specifications and peculiarities.Spaced Interval Learning: this learning concept is about repeating the old material all the time for better memorizing.Feedbacks from students: these days, students` assessments are important for teachers. So, by using new technologies, students will just have to fill in the order form online with the help of chatbots. Undoubtedly, no child should be left behind. These new technologies are implemented for people`s benefit only. The smart chatbot is a useful tool, which will surely help some students to reveal and develop themselves.

South Africas National Holidays

South Africa's National Holidays When Apartheid ended and the African National Congress under Nelson Mandela came into power in South Africa in 1994, the national holidays were changed to days that would be meaningful to all South Africans. March 21: Human Rights Day On this day in 1960, the police killed 69 people at Sharpeville who were participating in a protest against the pass laws- laws which demanded and blacks always carry passes. Many protesters were shot in the back. The carnage made world headlines. Four days later the government banned black political organizations, many leaders were arrested or went into exile. During the Apartheid era, there were human rights abuses by all sides; the remembrance of Human Rights Day is but one step to ensure that the people of South Africa are aware of their human rights and to ensure that such abuses never again occur. April 27: Freedom Day This was the day in 1994 when the first democratic election was held in South Africa, i.e. an election when all adults could vote irrespective of their race, as well as the day in 1997 when the new constitution took effect. May 1: Workers Day Many countries around the world commemorate the contribution made by workers to society on May Day (America doesnt celebrate this holiday because of its communist origins). It has traditionally been a day to protest for better wages and working conditions. Given the role that trade unions played in the fight for freedom, it is unsurprising that South Africa commemorates this day. June 16: Youth Day On June 1976 students in Soweto rioted in protest against the introduction of Afrikaans as the language of instruction of half their school curriculum, sparking eight months of violent uprisings across the country. Youth Day is a national holiday in honor of all the young people who lost their lives in the struggle against Apartheid and Bantu Education. July 18: Mandela Day On 3 June 2009 in his State of the Nation address President Jacob Zuma announced the annual celebration of South Africas most famous son- Nelson Mandela. Mandela Day  will be celebrated on the 18th of July each year. It will give people in South Africa and all over the world the opportunity to do something good to help others. Madiba was politically active for 67 years, and on Mandela Day people all over the world, in the workplace, at home and in schools, will be called upon to spend at least 67 minutes of their time doing something useful within their communities, especially among the less fortunate. Let us wholeheartedly support Mandela Day and encourage the world to join us in this wonderful campaign. Despite his reference to wholehearted support, Mandela Day failed to become a national holiday; but Nelson Mandela International Day was established by the United Nations in November of 2009. Aug. 9: National Womens Day On this day in 1956, some 20,000 women marched to the Union government Buildings in Pretoria to protest against a law requiring black women to carry passes. This day is celebrated as a reminder of the contribution made by women to society, the achievements that have been made for womens rights, and to acknowledge the difficulties and prejudices many women still face. Sept. 24: Heritage Day Nelson Mandela used the phrase rainbow nation to describe South Africas diverse cultures, customs, traditions, histories, and languages. This day is a celebration of that diversity. Dec. 16: Day of Reconciliation Afrikaners traditionally celebrated 16 December as the Day of the Vow, remembering the day in 1838 when a group of Voortrekkers defeated a Zulu army at the Battle of Blood River, while ANC activists commemorated it as the day in 1961 when the ANC started to arm its soldiers to overthrow Apartheid. In the new South Africas its a day of reconciliation, a day to focus on overcoming the conflicts of the past and building a new nation.